Class and Module

In Goby, class and module statements is just like Ruby's:

class Foo
  def bar
    # do something
  end
end

But currently we haven't support syntactic sugar for define singleton class like

class << self
end

Module definition

module Foo
  def foo   
    99
  end
end

module Bar
  def bar
    88
  end
end

Module names should be "[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]+" (UpperCamelCase). Modules cannot be inherited.

class Baz
  include Foo    # `foo` will be an instance method
  extend Bar     # `bar` will be a class method
end

Baz.new.foo      #=> 99
Baz.bar          #=> 88

Modules can be included into other modules or classed via "#include", as well as can be used for extending other classes or modules via "#extend".

In Goby, "composition over inheritance" concept is recommended.

module Foo
  def foo   
    99
  end
end

Foo.new.foo  #=> 99

Actually, Goby's module can be even instantiated via "new" like "Foo.new".

Class definition

class Foo
  def bar
    99
  end
end

class Baz < Foo
end

Baz.new.bar  #=> 99

Class names should be "[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]+" (UpperCamelCase). Inheritance with "<" is supported.

Include & Extend

Both include and extend are supported in Goby, usage is just like in Ruby:

Include

module Bar
  def bar
    10
  end
end

class Foo
  include Bar
end

puts(Foo.new.bar) #=> 10

Extend

module Foo
  def ten
    10
  end
end

class Bar
  extend Foo
end

puts(Bar.ten) #=> 10

Showing ancestors

module Foo
  def bar
    99
  end
end

class Bar
  include Foo
end

Bar.ancestors
#» [Bar, Foo, Object]
Bar.singleton_class.ancestors
#» [#<Class:Bar>, #<Class:Object>, Class, Object]

You can call #ancestors to show the inheritance chain. And singleton_class.ancestors to show singleton classes.